Yang Geng, member of the Faculty of bet365 best sports betting app Sciences Committee of the Ministry of Education、Special researcher at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Ministry of Education、Professor, School of Philosophy, Beijing Normal University。Published more than 260 papers，Published 20 academic works，Many of the works are in English、Germany、Russian multiple languages published abroad；Won the National Teaching Achievement Award、National Quality Course Award、China Publishing Government Award, Book Award and many other awards。
Understanding nature，Difficult；Understanding the society，Harder。When natural science continues to discover the laws of nature，Human beings’ understanding of society still remains at the surface of society，bet365 best sports betting app "science" has not been a science in the strict sense for a long time。The reason why，From an epistemological perspective，Because society cannot live without nature，But society is different from nature，Natural movement is outside human beings，bet365 best sports betting app movements are essentially human activities，History is nothing but the process of activities of people pursuing their own goals；Historical laws are formed in human activities，But once the laws of history are formed, they will not be based on human consciousness、Will is transferred，And in turn restrict it、Dominating human activities，People are the "playwrights" of history，Another "actor" in history；Society cannot be separated from individuals，But society is not the sum of individuals，But the sum of the relationships between individuals，But once bet365 best sports betting app relationships are formed, they in turn determine the nature of people，As Marx said，“Black people are black people。Only under certain relationships，He just became a slave”，A person “becomes a slave or becomes a citizen，This is the rule of society”；Natural scientists study nature outside of nature，Therefore，The natural scientist is not a participant in what he studies，bet365 best sports betting app scientists study society within society，Therefore，The bet365 best sports betting app scientist is a participant in what he studies，In this process，bet365 best sports betting app scientists must infiltrate their own values into their research objects，And this kind of research object in turn affects bet365 best sports betting app scientists as researchers。This is like a self-twining Gödel-like "strange circle"。It is this "strange circle" that creates difficult problems in bet365 best sports betting app research，Causes the particularity of bet365 best sports betting app science，Creating the question “How is bet365 best sports betting app science possible?”。So，The topic I am talking about today is how to understand and grasp bet365 best sports betting app science and its particularities，or，How to answer the question "Why is bet365 best sports betting app science possible?"。
The basis for the independence of bet365 best sports betting app sciences
Study the history of philosophy、The history of science can be seen，Natural science was born out of natural philosophy，bet365 best sports betting app science is embedded in moral philosophy。With the modern industrial revolution、Market economy and capitalist mode of production，bet365 best sports betting app science differentiated from moral philosophy and gained its own independent form。Entering industrial civilization、Before market economy and capitalist mode of production，There is no independent bet365 best sports betting app research method，Not to mention independent bet365 best sports betting app science，People mainly use two basic methods to study society: one is to apply the method of moral philosophy，The second is to apply the methods of natural science。
Use moral philosophy methods to study society，This is mainly an ancient bet365 best sports betting app research method。The fundamental characteristics of this method，It is to use "good nature", "evil nature", etc. to regulate society，Describe the ideal bet365 best sports betting app form。Whether it is the bet365 best sports betting app theory of ancient Chinese Confucianism、Legalist political theory，It is still the state theory of Plato in ancient Greece、Aristotle’s political doctrine，This is the case。The famous historian Sabine believed when analyzing Plato’s theory of state，This theory starts from studying the concept of "goodness"，Then，According to the concept of goodness，By articulating the principle of mutual need underlying all societies，Conceive a vision for society。
Use natural science methods to study society，This is mainly a modern bet365 best sports betting app research method。In modern times，Newton’s classical mechanics achieved great success，And established two major principles of mature natural science，This is the principle of repeatability and accuracy。The so-called repeatability principle，Refers to the fact that repeatability is the fundamental characteristic of natural laws；The principle of accuracy means that the laws of nature can not only be known，And it can be grasped with precise quantitative relationships。For modern bet365 best sports betting app researchers，The success of Newtonian classical mechanics is alluring，Pressure again，Anyway，With the power of science。It is the power of science that has prompted a large number of bet365 best sports betting app researchers to gather under the banner of scientism，And strive to use natural science methods to study society，Construct "bet365 best sports betting app physics", "bet365 best sports betting app gravity" and other "sciences"，Formed the "Era of Natural Science" in the history of bet365 best sports betting app sciences。
Apply moral philosophy、Studying society using natural science methods，Representing such a historical fact，This is，“Natural connection” dominates society，The relationship between individuals and society has not yet been highlighted。The relationship between individuals and society is highlighted and attracts people’s attention，In modern society，That is, capitalist society。It is in capitalist society，"Society、The factors “created by history” dominate，The individual and society are in formal opposition，In Marx’s words，“The era that produced this idea of isolated individuals，It is the era with the most developed bet365 best sports betting app relations to date"。It is in such an era，People need to plan bet365 best sports betting app development as a whole，Society has therefore truly become the object of people’s research；How to describe bet365 best sports betting app facts、How to abstract、How to explain，It has become a controversial issue。Only in such an era，The independence of bet365 best sports betting app sciences has become a real issue，Becomes a problem that must be solved。
The task of any science is research、Discover and grasp certain rules，Any theory must become science，Or scientifically，Must study、Discover and grasp certain rules。Discover and grasp certain rules，This is the basis of why science becomes science。The same is true for bet365 best sports betting app sciences。The basis of "How is bet365 best sports betting app science possible?" is to discover and grasp the laws of bet365 best sports betting app activities。The independence of bet365 best sports betting app science is the process in which people strive to discover the laws and particularities of bet365 best sports betting app activities，It has experienced the "humanities" of the Renaissance、Vico’s “Philosophy of History”、“Economic Science” by Adam Smith and David Ricardo、Hegel’s “Philosophical Science”、Dilthey’s “Spiritual Science”、Rickert’s “Cultural Science”、Marx’s “Historical Science”，Finally discovered the rules of bet365 best sports betting app activities，That is, the law of history。Engels pointed out: "It was Marx who first discovered the major laws of historical movement。According to this rule，All struggles in history，No matter in politics、Religion、Conducted in the field of philosophy，Or in other ideological fields，In fact, it is just a more or less obvious expression of the struggle of various bet365 best sports betting app classes，And the existence of these classes and the conflict between them，Also the degree of development of their economic status、Constrained by the nature and mode of their production and the nature and mode of exchange determined by production。This law is for history，The same law of energy conversion has the same meaning for natural science。”
bet365 best sports betting app science is about discovery、Grasp the laws of bet365 best sports betting app activities，That is, the law of history。The problem is，People create their own history，The laws of history are not formed、Exists outside human activities，But form、Exists in human activities；At the same time，Once the laws of history are formed, they are not based on human consciousness、Will is transferred，And in turn restrict people’s activities，Determine bet365 best sports betting app development。Among them，The laws of contradictory movement of productive forces and production relations fundamentally determine the direction of bet365 best sports betting app development、Trends and overall progress。As Marx said，"With the acquisition of new productivity，People change their production methods，With the changes in the mode of production, the way of making a living，People will also change all their bet365 best sports betting app relationships。The hand mill produced a society of feudal lords，The steam mill produced a society of industrial capitalists。”Marx’s discussion is vivid and profound。
Because of this，When Marx "attributed" bet365 best sports betting app relations to production relations，When “attributing” production relations to the level of productivity，Not only discovered the rules of bet365 best sports betting app activities and their "repetition" and "routineity"，And can indicate the material transformation of society with "the accuracy of natural science"。In Lenin’s opinion，"There is no such view，There would be no bet365 best sports betting app science”。Indeed it is。“Reproducibility” and “accuracy” are two basic principles of science。Discover and grasp the laws of bet365 best sports betting app activities and their "repetition" and "routineity"，And can indicate the material changes of society with the "accuracy" of natural science，Indicates that the materialist view of history has become a science，A mature science，And put the entire bet365 best sports betting app theory on the basis of science。In other words，The creation of the materialist view of history makes bet365 best sports betting app "science" truly a science，And marks the true independence and establishment of bet365 best sports betting app science。
The prerequisite for the independence of bet365 best sports betting app science methods
The prerequisite for the independence of bet365 best sports betting app sciences is the independence of bet365 best sports betting app science methods。The independence of methods and the independence of disciplines are closely related and even integrated。Overall，The independence of bet365 best sports betting app science methods is based on the "abstract" method、"Understand" method、Based on the establishment of the "Thinking Later" method。
The first premise is the establishment of the "abstract" method。Natural things are entities，"feelable"，Natural events are repeatable，The conditions and motion processes produced can be re-simulated in the laboratory、Reappear。So，The main method of natural science is laboratory method。In Marx’s words，“Physicists are the most accurate representations of natural processes、The least disturbed place to study natural processes，or，If possible，The experiment was conducted under conditions that ensured that the process was carried out in its pure form。”“bet365 best sports betting app objects” are not simple entities，It is an entity with the connotation of bet365 best sports betting app relations，Therefore, it is a "sensible and super-sensible thing" (Marx)，It is this kind of invisibility that bet365 best sports betting app science research studies、Cannot touch，That is, "super-sensory" bet365 best sports betting app relations。No matter how far the telescope is, it cannot see bet365 best sports betting app relationships，No matter how powerful the microscope is, it cannot see through bet365 best sports betting app relationships，No matter how advanced the computer technology is, it cannot calculate bet365 best sports betting app relationships，"Until now，No chemist has yet discovered the bet365 best sports betting app relationship of exchange value in pearls or diamonds，And historical events cannot be repeated，The conditions that produced historical events cannot be reconstructed。Therefore，bet365 best sports betting app science cannot apply laboratory methods，Only scientific abstraction can profoundly reveal bet365 best sports betting app relations and their laws。Marx pointed out: "Analyzing economic forms，Neither can use a microscope，Cannot use chemical reagents；Abstraction is the only power that can be used as an analytical tool”。actually，Not only analyze economic forms，For the bet365 best sports betting app sciences as a whole，Abstraction is the "only" power that can be used as an analytical tool。
Scientific abstraction is an orderly thinking process，It requires the study of society to start from "perceptual concreteness"，After analysis of “complete representation” and “vivid whole”，Rising to "abstract regulations"；Then，After synthesis，Relate the "abstract regulations" that reflect all aspects of things，Form "rational concrete"，That is, "total thought"，Thus leading to concrete representation in the thought process。From the perspective of understanding process，Knowledge starts from perceptual concreteness；As far as the scientific system is concerned，Understanding starts from abstract regulations，In other words，Theoretical thinking does not take perceptual concreteness as the thinking element，But abstract regulations are the thinking elements。Only with the help of abstract provisions，Theoretical thinking can work，Only then can a scientific system be truly formed。As Marx said，“Economists in the 17th century always started from the living whole，From population、Nationality、Country、Several countries and so on，But they always find some decisive abstract general relationships from the analysis，such as division of labor、Currency、Value etc.。Once these individual elements are more or less determined and abstracted，From labor、Division of labor、required、Simple things like exchange value and so on rise to the state、Various economic systems of international exchange and world markets began to appear”，The formation of an independent economic bet365 best sports betting app。
The second premise is the establishment of the "understanding" method。The so-called method of understanding，It is the method of hermeneutics，That is, treating bet365 best sports betting app phenomena as text，Grasp it by explaining its meaning。In Weber’s opinion，bet365 best sports betting app science means such a science，This is “meaningfully understanding bet365 best sports betting app action and thereby explaining the consequences of its impact”。Habermas thinks，This view of Weber is an answer to the question "How is a universal theory of bet365 best sports betting app action possible?"。Why methods of understanding are absolutely necessary for bet365 best sports betting app science，Because bet365 best sports betting app phenomena are produced in human activities，Human activities must carry out a certain purpose，Reflects and permeates specific interest relationships、Class position and values。Therefore，Any understanding activity is based on specific economic power、Developed in the context of political rights。Because of this，Foucault has been committed to the study of the relationship between knowledge and power。
Hermeneutic Method，The method of understanding comes from Schleiermacher，After Dilthey、The efforts of Gadamer and others，Becoming a basic method of bet365 best sports betting app science。But，Marx has his own unique way of understanding，And reveals the realistic basis on which interpretation activities can be carried out、Real situation and practical limits。The so-called "reality basis"，It means that the interpretive activities in each historical period are inspired by practical activities，As Marx said，“All bet365 best sports betting app life is essentially practical。Any mysterious thing that leads theory to mysticism，All can be reasonably solved in people’s practice and understanding of this practice”；The "real situation" refers to the penetration and control of interpretive activities by the political power of the ruling class in each historical period，People can only carry out understanding-interpretation activities in the interactive relationship between power and discourse；"Actual limits" refers to the ruling class's regulations on the legal limits of interpretive activities in each historical period，So-called legality，It is the recognition of the power of the ruling class，So，A potential question whether any kind of interpretive activity can be recognized、Fundamental sign，Is it legal or illegal。In this sense，All hermeneutics are power hermeneutics。
It is in this sense，Marx believes，Before people criticize the rights situation in a certain historical period，It is impossible to achieve bet365 best sports betting app relations、Historical events are objectively understood。“Christianity is only self-critical to a certain extent，It can be said that it is completed within the scope of possibility，It will help to objectively understand early mythology。Same，Bourgeois economics can only occur when the self-criticism of bourgeois society has begun，In order to understand feudalism、Ancient and Eastern Economy”。
The third premise is the establishment of the "thinking later" method。Historical development is from the past to the present，From low level to high level。However，History has passed，In the activity of understanding history，The subject cannot face the object directly，People cannot re-simulate past history，Therefore, the understanding of history cannot be from the past to the present，From low level to high level，Opposite，We can only think about it in reverse，That is, from now to the past，From high level to low level，Reverse abduction。Marx clearly pointed out: "Thinking about the forms of bet365 best sports betting app life，Thus scientific analysis of it，Following a path completely opposite to the actual movement。This kind of thinking started after the fact，From fully identified material、The result of development begins。”
The reason why “thinking from the rear” is possible，The objective basis lies in，History has passed，But it did not disappear，But in the form of "fragments" and "factors"，Or "shrink"、The form of development exists in real society；At the same time，Various factors and relationships in society，Only when it is fully developed、Only when you are fully mature can you be fully understood，This is like a sign of higher animals revealed in lower animals，On the contrary, it can only be understood after the higher animals themselves are known。In Marx’s view，The same situation exists in human history as in paleontology，“Due to some blindness of judgment，Even the most eminent people cannot see what is right in front of them。Later，At a certain time，People were surprised to find，Things that were not seen before are now showing their traces everywhere。”Because of this，Through the developed bet365 best sports betting app structure and production relations of capitalist society，Can "see through" all the destroyed bet365 best sports betting app structures and production relations。This is to say，Studying bet365 best sports betting app history can only adopt the method of "thinking from behind"，That is, starting from the real society，Grasp the laws of history through the "perspective" of history and the "regression" from results to causes。
The functions and nature of bet365 best sports betting app sciences
Generally speaking，Natural science has no intention of “courting” bet365 best sports betting app science，But the success of natural science often creates a strong scientism sentiment，And constitutes the general theoretical background of bet365 best sports betting app science change，Even determines the face of bet365 best sports betting app science。The relationship between bet365 best sports betting app science and natural science is not like charcoal、Difficult to get along。Since there are commonalities between the laws of history and the laws of nature，Objectivity、Repetition and routine，Then，There are commonalities between bet365 best sports betting app sciences and natural sciences，bet365 best sports betting app science can use the methods of natural science to a certain extent and within a certain scope。Marx once said to Lafargue，The degree of perfection of each science is determined by the degree to which it utilizes mathematics。This view has universal significance。For bet365 best sports betting app sciences，No quantitative analysis，Qualitative analysis can only be uncertain。In modern times，Using mathematics to quantitatively analyze bet365 best sports betting app phenomena has become a reality。Discrete Mathematics、Fuzzy mathematics、Mathematical logic，Especially the creation of modeling methods，Enable people to form bet365 best sports betting app objects into this or that model，Thus analyzing its internal structure。As the famous contemporary scholar Bell said，"Cybernetics、Language Theory、The combination of cognitive psychology and computational science heralds the emergence of a science that can successfully 'simulate' the mind and society。”This shows，bet365 best sports betting app sciences to some extent、It is necessary to use natural science methods within a certain range，Also reasonable。But，bet365 best sports betting app science is different from natural science after all，Under research subject、Subject function、Nature of subject、Scope of application, etc.，bet365 best sports betting app sciences have their own particularities。
On the research object，The research object of natural science is the natural world，This object is an objective existence other than human beings；The research object of bet365 best sports betting app science is bet365 best sports betting app relations，This object is generated from human activities，bet365 best sports betting app history is essentially the unfolding of people in time。In this sense，The research object of bet365 best sports betting app science is the activities of people themselves。Natural science must discover and grasp the laws of nature，bet365 best sports betting app science must discover and grasp bet365 best sports betting app (historical) laws，But the problem is: the conditions for the laws of nature to take effect are spontaneously caused by natural factors、Formed from blind interaction，And through this spontaneous、Achieved by blind interaction；The conditions for the laws of history to take effect are when people consciously realize them、Formed through purposeful activities，And only through this self-consciousness、Purposeful activities can achieve this。People always engage in bet365 best sports betting app activities according to their own goals，And "this purpose is known to him，It is a law that determines the way and method of his activities，He must subordinate his will to this end” (Marx)。
Because of this，There is no interest behind natural movement、Value appeal and purpose setting；Behind bet365 best sports betting app activities are people’s interests、Value appeal and purpose setting。An earthquake can destroy a city、Large population，A war can also destroy a city、Large population，But an earthquake is an earthquake，There is no interest behind it、Value appeal and purpose setting，And behind the war are specific ethnic groups、Class interest relationship、Value appeal and purpose setting。The research objects of bet365 best sports betting app sciences are obviously different from those of natural sciences。
From the perspective of subject function，What natural science wants to discover and grasp is the laws of nature，The laws of nature are mainly represented by dynamic laws；What bet365 best sports betting app science wants to discover and grasp is the laws of bet365 best sports betting app activities，The laws of bet365 best sports betting app activities are mainly represented by statistical laws。Statistical laws are different from dynamic laws。Dynamic laws reflect the one-to-one correspondence between things，It shows，The existence of one thing must lead to the occurrence of another certain thing，At the same time，Under the action of dynamic laws，Accidental phenomena can be ignored；Statistical laws do not reflect the definite relationship between things，It is a regular relationship between inevitability and various random phenomena，This kind of regular relationship only occurs in a large number of accidental phenomena、Only manifested in random phenomena。In bet365 best sports betting app activities，Things、If the phenomenon does not occur "in large numbers"，There is an undetermined relationship between them；If "a lot" occurs，There is a definite connection between them。This is like tossing the same coin of uniform mass，Heads or tails are random，But in case of heavy tossing，The probability of heads or tails is 1/2。
Precisely because the laws of nature are mainly expressed as dynamic laws，Historical laws are mainly manifested as statistical laws，So，Natural science can predict it，Can predict again，bet365 best sports betting app science can only predict，Cannot predict。What is foresight？Foresight is a judgment about development trends based on laws。What is forecast？Forecasting is the judgment that something must or may appear within a certain range of time and space，Such as weather forecast。Natural science can predict the trend of natural movements，It can also accurately predict the occurrence of natural events，Like a solar eclipse、A lunar eclipse occurs on a certain day, month, year, time, or even minute；bet365 best sports betting app science can only predict the trend of bet365 best sports betting app development，It is impossible to accurately predict the occurrence of historical events。People often talk about "emergency" events in bet365 best sports betting app life，actually，An “emergency” event is not an “emergency”，It is difficult to predict。Even if the Marxist theory that socialism will inevitably replace capitalism，It is only a judgment about bet365 best sports betting app development trends based on historical laws，It is the “road map” of bet365 best sports betting app development，Instead of a "timetable" of historical processes。
In terms of subject nature，Natural science is a pure knowledge system，It does not have a value issue in itself，In fashionable terms，It is "value neutral"；bet365 best sports betting app science in general has a dual nature，That is to say，bet365 best sports betting app science is a knowledge system，Another ideology。As a knowledge system，bet365 best sports betting app science reflects people’s achievements in understanding society；As ideology，bet365 best sports betting app science reflects a specific nation with its unique category system、Class、Interest relationships and value demands of classes。No matter how noble the bet365 best sports betting app scientists are、How detached，He has to live in certain bet365 best sports betting app relationships，Cannot but belong to a certain ethnic group、Class、Class，Thus in the process of studying society，bet365 best sports betting app scientists must infiltrate their own value orientation into the research objects，The object in turn affects bet365 best sports betting app scientists，Create some kind of "blind spot" in thinking。Use ancient Chinese poetry to illustrate this phenomenon，This is，“I don’t know the true face of Mount Lushan，Only because I am in this mountain"。Needless to say political science，Economics、Law、Sociology、The same is true for education and so on。
Precisely because bet365 best sports betting app science has the dual attributes of knowledge system and ideology，Thus closely related to politics。bet365 best sports betting app science does not equal politics，But politics requires bet365 best sports betting app science，Politics without bet365 best sports betting app scientific proof，Lack of scientific "supporting point" of "laws"，Lack of ideals and beliefs as the “support point” of values，It’s hard to get people’s support。At the same time，bet365 best sports betting app science cannot be separated from politics，As a reflection and theoretical sublimation of specific bet365 best sports betting app relations，bet365 best sports betting app science always has its own unique political context，Always contains politics in its own unique way，Always has political effect of one kind or another。There is no such thing as "value neutrality" in bet365 best sports betting app science。Any discipline in bet365 best sports betting app sciences，They all reflect a certain bet365 best sports betting app relationship consciously or unconsciously，They all reflect a specific nation, consciously or unconsciously、Class、Interest relationships and value demands of classes。Because of this，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Why human problems are fundamental to philosophy and bet365 best sports betting app science research、Principle issue。”
In scope of application，The laws discovered by natural science are universal，Natural science is therefore universal，Regardless of nationality、Country，In this sense，Natural science has no “motherland”；The laws grasped by bet365 best sports betting app science are more specific，or，The laws grasped by bet365 best sports betting app science are different in different nationalities、Countries have different manifestations，bet365 best sports betting app science is therefore difficult to be generalizable，In this sense，bet365 best sports betting app science cannot do without its "motherland"。Even a market economy，There are also different types，The free market economy in its original form，Regulated market economy represented by the United Kingdom and the United States，Planned market economy represented by France and Japan，And the government-led market economy implemented by some post-development countries，Therefore，Understanding the laws of Western market economy，It does not mean that you have grasped the laws of the country’s market economy。Same，Understanding the laws of Western modernization，It does not mean that we have grasped the laws of modernization of our country。After World War II，Some colonial countries won political independence，At the same time, we strive to achieve modernization in the process of "Westernization"。However，These countries have not achieved modernization in the process of "Westernization"，Or in a distorted "development" state，Perhaps it has not even gotten rid of the original underdevelopment。The root cause，Different countries have different cultural traditions、Different historical conditions、Different bet365 best sports betting app realities，This makes different nationalities、Countries have different development laws。Therefore，We must take the path of Chinese-style modernization，Comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country with Chinese-style modernization、The great cause of national rejuvenation。
In a certain sense，Natural science pursues universality，bet365 best sports betting app science pursues the special，There is therefore a nationalization or localization problem in bet365 best sports betting app sciences。The reason why American sociology scholars are committed to the Americanization of sociology，Fundamentally speaking，It is to answer the special bet365 best sports betting app problems in the United States。Historically，The creation of American sociology，From the beginning, it was to answer the question in the context of the bet365 best sports betting app changes caused by the European Industrial Revolution，How the United States can get out of rural society is a special and major bet365 best sports betting app issue。The formation of the subsequent Chicago School，It is the result of sociological research on the special bet365 best sports betting app issue of urbanization in the United States at that time，The rise of Parsons，It is the result of the sociological response to the special bet365 best sports betting app issue of how the United States got out of the Great Depression。A certain ethnic group、The bet365 best sports betting app science of the country can be used to explain the nation、The history and reality of the country，And be reasonable，But impose it on other ethnic groups、Country，And use this to other ethnic groups、Country "formatted"，That is to dissolve reasonable facts into unreasonable understanding，Even lead to absurdity。
As far as China is concerned，The most important feature and significance of Chinese-style modernization is，It modernizes、The three major bet365 best sports betting app changes of marketization and socialist reform were concentrated in the same time and space，This constitutes an unprecedented event、Extremely special and complex bet365 best sports betting app practice，This special and complex bet365 best sports betting app practice will inevitably trigger a series of special and complex bet365 best sports betting app problems。Therefore，We should and must study practical issues based on the bet365 best sports betting app practice of Chinese modernization and the ideological coordinates，And elevate practical issues to theoretical issues、Scientific Question，Thus creating a structure with Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、Chinese style bet365 best sports betting app science。General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: “The characteristics of philosophy and bet365 best sports betting app sciences、Style、Style，It is the product of development to a certain stage，It is a sign of maturity，It is a symbol of strength，It is also a manifestation of self-confidence。”
(Speaker: Yang Geng, Lecture Location: Nanjing University, Lecture Time: March 2024)
